IMPLEMENTASI EDUKASI TENTANG PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN PENYAKIT TUBERKULOSIS TERHADAP PASIEN DAN KELUARGA PENDAMPING

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global infectious disease caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, affecting the lungs and other organs. With 10 million
cases and 1.5 million deaths globally in 2020, and 824,000 cases annually in
Indonesia, TB represents a serious health problem. Transmission occurs through
sputum droplets, and the role of family is crucial in prevention. Health education
has proven effective in improving knowledge and compliance among patients and
families. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of health
education in improving knowledge, skills, and awareness of pulmonary TB
patients and their families regarding tuberculosis transmission prevention.
Methods: This descriptive case study involved two pulmonary TB patients (Mrs.
L and Mrs. S) and their families at TK. II Pelamonia Hospital Makassar, from
June 27-30, 2025. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and
questionnaires, supported by educational media such as leaflets and banners.
Results: Initial assessment revealed knowledge deficits in both respondents and
families. After three days of education (15-20 minutes/session), their
understanding increased significantly. Respondents were able to explain the
definition, causes, symptoms, transmission, and prevention of TB, including
cough etiquette, hand washing, mask use, ventilation, and separation of eating
utensils. They also demonstrated increased learning interest and readiness to
implement prevention practices. Conclusion: Structured education is effective in
improving knowledge, skills, and awareness of patients and families in preventing
TB transmission. This intervention is important for protecting high-risk family
members and minimizing disease spread.